1. Home
  2. Vol 52, No 4 (2020)
  3. Indriati

The Dominance of CRF01_AE and the Emergence of Drug Resistance Mutations Among Antiretroviral Therapy-Experienced, HIV-1-infected Individuals in Medan, Indonesia

Dwi Wahyu Indriati, Adiana Mutamsari Witaningrum, M Qushai Yunifiar, Siti Qamariyah Khairunisa, Shuhei Ueda, Tomohiro Kotaki, Nasronudin Nasronudin, Masanori Kameoka

Abstract


Background: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a serious public health threat worldwide. Medan is one example of big cities in Indonesia with a high prevalence of HIV-1 infection; however, quite a limited study had conducted for detecting the circulation of HIV-1 subtypes in Medan. In addition, a serious factor that can implicate the treatment of HIV-1-infected individuals is the emergence of drug resistance mutations. Thus, the information on HIV-1 infection is important to improve the treatment for infected individuals. Methods: sixty-seven antiretroviral therapy-experienced, HIV-1-infected individuals were recruited for this study. HIV-1 pol genes encoding protease (PR genes) and reverse transcriptase (RT gene), as well as env and gag genes, were amplified from DNA derived from peripheral blood samples. HIV-1 subtyping was conducted to study the dominant HIV-1 subtype circulating in the region. In addition, the emergence of drug resistance mutations was analyzed based on the guidelines published by the International Antiviral Society-United States of America (IAS-USA). Results: the dominant HIV-1 subtype found in Medan was CRF01_AE (77.6%). In addition, another subtype and recombinant viruses such as recombinants between CRF01_AE and subtype B (12.2%), subtype B (4.1%), and CRF02_AG (4.1%) were also found. Drug resistance-associated major mutations were found in 21.6% (8/37) of RT genes and 3.1% (1/32) of PR genes studied. Conclusion:our study showed that the dominant subtype found in ART-experienced, HIV-1-infected individuals residing in Medan was CRF01_AE. The emergence of drug resistance mutations in RT and PR genes indicated the importance to monitor the prevalence of drug resistance mutations among HIV-1-infected individuals in Medan.

 


Keywords


HIV-1; CRF01_AE; antiretroviral therapy; drug resistance; Medan

References


RI DPKK. Laporan perkembangan HIV AIDS dan PIMS di Indonesia. 2018. Available from http://icjr.or.id/data/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Penanggulangan-HIV-dalam-Ancaman-R-KUHP.pdf.

World Health Organization (WHO). Update of first and second line antiretroviral regimens. WHO. 2019. Available from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/325892/WHO-CDS-HIV-19.15-eng.pdf?ua=1.

Hong SY, Nachega JB, Kelley K, et al. The global status of HIV drug resistance: clinical and public-health approaches for detection, treatment and prevention. Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2011;11(2):124–33.

Hosseinipour MC, Gupta RK, Van Zyl G, et al. Emergence of HIV drug resistance during first- and second-line antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings. J Infect Dis. 2013;207 Suppl 2:S49–56.

Takuva S, Louwagie G, Zuma K, et al. Durability of first line antiretroviral therapy: Reasons and predictive factors for modifications in a Swaziland Cohort. J Antivirals Antiretrovir. 2012;4(1):014–20.

Indriati DW, Kotaki T, Khairunisa SQ, et al. Appearance of drug resistance mutations among the dominant HIV-1 subtype, CRF01_AE in Maumere, Indonesia. Curr HIV Res. 2018;16(2):158-66.

Khairunisa S, Kotaki T, Witaningrum AM, et al. Appearance of drug resistance-associated mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease and reverse transcriptase derived from drug-treated Indonesian patients. AIDS Res Human retroviruses. 2015;31(2):255–9.

Merati TP, Ryan CE, Spelmen T, et al. CRF01-AE dominates the HIV-1 epidemic in Indonesia. Sex Health. 2012;9(5):414–21.

Wensing AM, Calvez V, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, et al. 2019 update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1. Top Antivir Med. 2019;27(3):111-21.

Porter KR, Mascola JR, Hupudio H, et al. Genetic, antigenic and serologic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from Indonesia. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1997;14(1):1-6.

Witaningrum AM, Khairunisa SQ, Ueda S, et al. Viral subtyping of HIV-1 derived from infected, drug-naive individuals in Jakarta, Indonesia. 2018 IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng. 2018;434:012321.

Sahbandar IN, Takahashi K, Djoerban Z, et al. Current HIV type 1 molecular epidemiology profile and identification of unique recombinant forms in Jakarta, Indonesia. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2009;25(7):637–46.

Khairunisa SQ, Masyeni S, Witaningrum AM, et al. Genotypic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolated in Bali, Indonesia in 2016. HIV AIDS Rev. 2018;17(2):81-90.

Merati TP, Ryan CE, Spelmen T, et al. CRF01_AE dominates the HIV-1 epidemic in Indonesia. Sex Health. 2012;9(5):414–21.

Kotaki T, Khairunisa SQ, Sukartiningrum SD, et al. High Prevalence of HIV-1 CRF01_AE viruses among female commercial sex workers residing in Surabaya, Indonesia. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(12):e82645.

Indriati DW, Kamasawa N, Matsui K, et al. Quantitative localization of Cav2.1 (P/Q-type) voltage-dependent calcium channels in Purkinje cells: somatodendritic gradient and distinct somatic coclustering with calcium-activated potassium channels. J Neurosci. 2013;33(8):3668–78.

Khairunisa SQ, Ueda S, Witaningrum AM, et al. Genotypic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 prevalent in Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2018;34(6):555-60.

Ueda S, Witaningrum AM, Khairunisa SQ, et al. Genetic diversity and drug resistance of HIV-1 circulating in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2018;35(4):407–13.

Choi DJ, Dube S, Spicer TP, et al. HIV type 1 isolate Z321, the strain used to make a therapeutic HIV type 1 immunogen, is intersubtype recombinant. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1997;13(4):357–61.

Cornelissen M, Van Den Burg R, Zorgdrager F, et al. Spread of distinct human immunodeficiency virus type 1 AG recombinant lineages in Africa. J Gen Virol. 2000;81(2):515–23.

Dragic T, Litwin V, Allaway GP, et al. HIV-1 entry into CD4+ cells is mediated by the chemokine receptor CC-CKR-5. Nature. 1996;381(6584):667–73.

Feng Y, Broder CC, Kennedy PE, et al. HIV-1 entry cofactor: functional cDNA cloning of a seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor. Science. 1996;272(5263):872–7.

Koot M, Keet IP, Vos AH, et al. Prognostic value of HIV-1 syncytium-inducing phenotype for rate of CD4+ cell depletion and progression to AIDS. Ann Intern Med. 1993;118(9):681–8.

Karlsson A, Parsmyr K, Sandstrom E, et al. MT-2 cell tropism as prognostic marker for disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Clin Microbiol. 1994;32(2):364–70.

Esbjörnsson J, Månsson F, Martínez-Arias W, et al. Frequent CXCR4 tropism of HIV-1 subtype A and CRF02_AG during late-stage disease - indication of an evolving epidemic in West Africa. Retrovirology. 2010;7:1–13.

Bhusal N, Sutthent R, Horthongkham N, et al. Prevalence of HIV-1 subtypes and antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in Nepal. Curr HIV Res. 2016;14(6):517-24.

Luo XL, Mo LD, Su GS, et al. Incidence and types of HIV-1 drug resistance mutation among patients failing first-line antiretroviral therapy. J Pharmacol Sci. 2019;139(4):275–9.

Iemwimangsa N, Pasomsub E, Sukasem C, et al. Surveillance of HIV-1 drug-resistance mutations in Thailand from 1999 to 2014. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2017;48(2):271–81.


Full Text: PDF

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 Acta Medica Indonesiana