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  2. Vol 55, No 2 (2023)
  3. Makmun

Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure Formula Using Echocardiography Finding

Lukman H Makmun, Telly Kamelia, Prasandhya Astagiri Yusuf

Abstract


This study aims to introduce a new formula for pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) derived from the pathophysiology of Velocity A (VA) waves. The current formula is the the Nagueh formula. Left ventricular (LV) filling is described as a velocity A (VA) wave. The VA wave represents the filling rate of the end-diastolic blood phase from the left atrium (LA) to the LV which can be determined on echocardiography. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) is equivalent to LA pressure and is also equivalent to PAWP. The gold standard method for obtaining PAWP values is right heart catheterization. By measuring the VA waves in the bloodstream, a new PAWP formula is obtained, and the PAWP examination can be validated in research and can be compared with several other PAWP formulas that are currently the world’s standard formula for calculating pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP).
The new PAWP formula is obtained from the conversion of the VA wave. This formula could be validated further in research and used in clinical practice.


Keywords


Velocity A wave (VA wave); pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) formula

References


Nair R, Lamaa N. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. StatPearls [Internet]. 2022 Apr 21; Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557748/

Viray MC, Bonno EL, Gabrielle ND, et al. Role of pulmonary artery wedge pressure saturation during right heart catheterization: A prospective study. Circ Heart Fail [Internet]. 2020;660–2. Available from: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.120.007981

Naeije R. Physiology of the pulmonary circulation and the right heart. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2013;15(6):623–31.

Nagueh SF, Middleton KJ, Kopelen HA, Zoghbi WA, Quiñones MA. Doppler tissue imaging: a noninvasive technique for evaluation of left ventricular relaxation and estimation of filling pressures. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30(6):1527–33.

Netter FH. Netter atlas of human anatomy. 7th Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2019.


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