Diarrhea as an Early and Predominant Manifestation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Case Report

Nikko Darnindro, Linda Nurdewati, Annela Manurung, M Ikhsan Mokoagow, Jerry Nasarudin, Elisabeth Yasmine Wardoyo, Anggraini Permata Sari, Aryan Yohanes Djojo, Martha Iskandar, Giri Adji, Marina Epriliawati, Ifael Mauleti, Edi Mulyana, Arnold Harahap

Abstract


Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease that spreads very rapidly and therefore, WHO has declared it as a global pandemic disease. The main clinical symptoms found in COVID-19 patients are cough and fever; however, in some cases, diarrhea can be one of the early symptoms. The present case report describes a patient who came with a complaint of diarrhea without fever and she was later confirmed to be positive for COVID-19 during hospitalization. The presence of unspecified initial symptoms calls for greater vigilance from health workers in establishing diagnosis patients with COVID-19.


Keywords


COVID-19; SARS-Cov-2; diarrhea; early manifestations; Indonesia

References


Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports [Internet]. WHO. 2020 [cited 2020 May 7]. Available from: Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports.

Gugus Tugas Percepatan penanganan COVID19. Data Sebaran Covid Indonesia [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 7]. Available from: https://covid19.go.id/

Holshue ML, DeBolt C, Lindquist S, et al. First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(10):929–36.

Ata F, Almasri H, Sajid J, Yousaf Z. COVID-19 presenting with diarrhoea and hyponatraemia. BMJ Case Rep. 2020;13(6):1–3.

Song Y, Liu P, Shi XL, et al. SARS-CoV-2 induced diarrhoea as onset symptom in patient with COVID-19. Gut. 2020:1143–4.

Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507–13.

Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497–506.

Fang D, Ma J, Guan J, et al. Manifestations of Digestive system in hospitalized patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-center, descriptive study. Chin J Dig. 2020;40.

Tian Y, Rong L, Nian W, He Y. Review article: gastrointestinal features in COVID-19 and the possibility of faecal transmission. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2020:843–51.

Avula A, Nalleballe K, Narula N, et al. COVID-19 presenting as stroke. Brain, Behav Immun. 2020;87(January):115–9.

Moriguchi T, Harii N, Goto J, et al. A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2. Int J Infect Dis [Internet]. International Society for Infectious Diseases. 2020;94(March):55–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.062

Putra BE, Adiarto S, Dewayanti SR, Juzar DA. Viral exanthem with “Spins and needles sensation” on extremities of a COVID-19 patient: A self-reported case from an Indonesian medical frontliner. Int J Infect Dis [Internet]. 2020;96:355–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.020.

Zaim S, Chong JH, Sankaranarayanan V, Harky A. COVID-19 and multiorgan response [Internet]. Current Problems in Cardiology. 2020:1–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2015.03.025 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10402 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature21059 http://journal.stainkudus.ac.id/index.php/equilibrium/article/view/1268/1127 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2577 http://

Pathak N. The great invader: How COVID-19 attacks every organ [Internet]. medscape. 2020 [cited 2020 Jul 8]. Available from: https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/929284

Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020.

Jin X, Lian JS, Hu JH, et al. Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms. Gut. 2020;1002–9.

Chan JFW, Yuan S, Kok KH, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd; 2020;395(10223):514–23. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9.

Abbas Z, Zaheer R. Clinical insight into the involvement of gut and liver by COVID-19. 2019;2019:2019–20.

Hashimoto T, Perlot T, Rehman A, et al. ACE2 links amino acid malnutrition to microbial ecology and intestinal inflammation. Nature. Nature Publishing Group; 2012;487(7408):477–81.

Gu J, Han B, Wang J. COVID-19: Gastrointestinal manifestations and potential fecal–oral transmission. Gastroenterology [Internet]. 2020;158(6):1518–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.02.054.

Susilo A, Rumende CM, Pitoyo CW, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019: Tinjauan literatur terkini Coronavirus disease 2019: Review of current literatures. J Penyakit Dalam Indones. 2020;7(1):45–67.

Mahrous AA, Hassanien AA, Atta MS. Predictive value of C-reactive protein in critically ill patients who develop acute lung injury. Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberc [Internet]. 2015;64(1):225–36. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcdt.2014.10.006.

Burhan E, Susanto AD, Nasution S, et al. Protokol tatalaksana COVID-19. Jakarta: PDPI-PERKI-PAPDI-PERDATIN-IDAI; 2020.

Sanders JM, Monogue ML, Jodlowski TZ, Cutrell JB. Pharmacologic treatments for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A review. JAMA. 2020;2019.

Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;1–13.

Tang N, Bai H, Chen X, Gong J, Li D, Sun Z. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy. J Thromb Haemost. 2020:1094–9.


Full Text: PDF

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.