Socio-Demographic Characteristics, Income, and Lifestyle of Internists Across Indonesia: A National Cross-Sectional Survey

Authors

  • Lugyanti Sukrisman Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta
  • Evy Yunihastuti Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta
  • Sally Aman Nasution Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta
  • Eka Ginanjar Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta
  • Simon Salim Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta
  • Andhika Rachman Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta
  • Ceva Wicaksono Pitoyo Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta
  • Rudy Hidayat Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta
  • Adityo Susilo Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta
  • Hayatun Nufus Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan Central General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Hermawan Susanto Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Darmadi Darmadi Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
  • Hery Djagat Purnomo Faculty of Medicine Universitas Diponegoro, Dr Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
  • Andi Makbul Aman Universitas Hasanuddin Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia
  • Anggoro Budi Hartopo
  • Selfie Selfie Balaraja Hospital, Tangerang, Indonesia
  • Ervita Ritonga Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
  • Gede Wira Mahadita Faculty of Medicine Universitas Udayana, Prof. dr. I Goesti Ngoerah Gde Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia
  • Radiyati Umi Partan Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sriwijaya, Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia
  • Azzaki Abubakar School of Medicine Universitas Syiah Kuala, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
  • Nur Samsu Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
  • Wachid Putranto Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sebelas Maret, dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia
  • Reinaldo Alexander Siloam Hospitals Bekasi Sepanjang Jaya, Bekasi, Indonesia
  • Dani Rosdiana Faculty of Medicine Universitas Riau, Arifin Achmad General Hospital, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
  • Cecilia Hendratta Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
  • Akmal Mufriady Hanif Faculty of Medicine Universitas Andalas, Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
  • Astried Indrasari Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Regional General Hospital, Samarinda, Indonesia
  • Erwanto Budi Winulyo Hermina Hospital, Bogor, Indonesia
  • Lukman Pura Faculty of Medicine Lampung University, Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek General Hospital, Lampung, Indonesia
  • Djallalluddin Djallalluddin Faculty of Medicine Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Ulin Hospital, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
  • Giri Satriya Juanda Hospital, Kuningan, Indonesia
  • Andi M. H. Panjaitan Emanuel Hospital, Banjarnegara, Jawa Tengah
  • Elfiani Elfiani Faculty of Medicine Universitas Jambi, Raden Mattaher Hospital, Jambi, Indonesia
  • Budiman Gunawan Kharitas Bhakti Hospital, Pontianak, Indonesia
  • Annisa Puspitasari Nachrowi Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta
  • Kurniakin W. S. Girsang Engku Haji Daud Hospital, Bintan, Indonesia
  • Erwin A. Pangkahila Karitas Weetabula Hospital, West Sumba, Indonesia
  • Joko Anggoro Faculty of Medicine University of Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara Regional General Hospital, Mataram, Indonesia
  • Dayang Nurbayati dr. Doris Sylvanus Hospital, Palangkaraya, Indonesia
  • Fahmi R. Darkuthni Faculty of Medicine Universitas Tadulako, Palu, Indonesia
  • Petrus Irianto Jayapura Regional General Hospital, Jayapura, Indonesia
  • Komariatun Komariatun Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Bangka Belitung, Indonesia
  • Annelin Kurniati Harapan dan Doa Regional Hospital, Bengkulu, Indonesia
  • Haeril Aswar Faculty of Medicine Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
  • Nelyan H. Mokoginta Dr. Aloei Saboe Regional Hospital, Gorontalo, Indonesia
  • Leily D. Pawa Piru Regional General Hospital, West Seram, Indonesia
  • Edwin Ambar Faculty of Medicine Universitas Negeri Khairun, Chasan Boesoirie General Hospital, Ternate, Indonesia
  • Riswan Riswan Faculty of Medicine Universitas Papua, John Piet Wanane Regional Public Hospital, Sorong, Indonesia
  • Samuel Pratama Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta
  • Imam Adli Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta
  • Nurul Inayah Rahmani Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta
  • Amalia Zahra Afifah Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta
  • Muhammad Ilham Fajar Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta
  • Monika Herliana Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta
  • Zahra Nuril Anwar Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta
  • Mariska Andrea Siswanto Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta

Keywords:

internal medicine, social, demographics, income, lifestyle

Abstract

Background: Internal medicine specialists have always been one of the pillars that support the health of Indonesian people. Currently, there is no available survey regarding the socio-demography, lifestyle, and income of any medical specialist in Indonesia. This study aims to report this gap in knowledge amongst internists across Indonesia. Methods: This study was a nationwide cross-sectional study and was conducted via online questionnaires by The Indonesian Society of Internal Medicine Specialists (INASIM) between December 2023 and March 2024. Participants from the existing 39 INASIM branches were selected using cluster random sampling, with a target of 20% of registered internists per branch. Of 1,568 internists invited, 1,082 (69.0%) completed the questionnaire and were included. Results: A total of 1,082 internists participated in this study, mostly male (57.7%), aged 35-49 years (57.7%), non-academic staff (64.3%), practicing as general internists (76.3%) in 3 locations (70.9%). Distribution discrepancy was observed with 58.0% of general internists and 71.5% of subspecialists practicing in urban areas only. Income analyses showed significant positive correlations with age, working years, working hours, and number of practices. Male internists had higher income than their counterparts, indicating a gender-related income gap. The location of practice did not affect income significantly. Amongst internists, there were approximately 11.1% with a history of smoking, 55.9% with daily coffee consumption, 62.9% with sleep deprivation, and more time spent being sedentary. Conclusion: This study identified distribution discrepancy, a gender-related income gap, and unhealthy lifestyle patterns among Indonesian internists, which are issues that warrant targeted policy responses. Nevertheless, these findings may support future policies on equitable workforce distribution, appropriate incentive systems, and physician wellness programs in Indonesia.

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Published

2026-07-03

How to Cite

Sukrisman, L., Yunihastuti, E., Nasution, S. A., Ginanjar, E., Salim, S., Rachman, A., Pitoyo, C. W., Hidayat, R., Susilo, A., Nufus, H., Susanto, H., Darmadi, D., Purnomo, H. D., Aman, A. M., Hartopo, A. B., Selfie, S., Ritonga, E., Mahadita, G. W., Partan, R. U., Abubakar, A., Samsu, N., Putranto, W., Alexander, R., Rosdiana, D., Hendratta, C., Hanif, A. M., Indrasari, A., Winulyo, E. B., Pura, L., Djallalluddin, D., Satriya, G., Panjaitan, A. M. H., Elfiani, E., Gunawan, B., Nachrowi, A. P., Girsang, K. W. S., Pangkahila, E. A., Anggoro, J., Nurbayati, D., Darkuthni, F. R., Irianto, P., Komariatun, K., Kurniati, A., Aswar, H., Mokoginta, N. H., Pawa, L. D., Ambar, E., Riswan, R., Pratama, S., Adli, I., Rahmani, N. I., Afifah, A. Z., Fajar, M. I., Herliana, M., Anwar, Z. N., & Siswanto, M. A. (2026). Socio-Demographic Characteristics, Income, and Lifestyle of Internists Across Indonesia: A National Cross-Sectional Survey. Acta Medica Indonesiana, 58(2), 174. Retrieved from https://actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/3032

Issue

Vol. 58 No. 2 (2026): Acta Medica Indonesiana

Section

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

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Copyright (c) 2026 Lugyanti Sukrisman, Evy Yunihastuti, Sally Aman Nasution, Eka Ginanjar, Simon Salim, Andhika Rachman, Ceva Wicaksono Pitoyo, Rudy Hidayat, Adityo Susilo, Hayatun Nufus, Hermawan Susanto, Darmadi Darmadi, Hery Djagat Purnomo, Andi Makbul Aman, Anggoro Budi Hartopo, Selfie Selfie, Ervita Ritonga, Gede Wira Mahadita, Radiyati Umi Partan, Azzaki Abubakar, Nur Samsu, Wachid Putranto, Reinaldo Alexander, Dani Rosdiana, Cecilia Hendratta, Akmal Mufriady Hanif, Astried Indrasari, Erwanto Budi Winulyo, Lukman Pura, Djallalluddin Djallalluddin, Giri Satriya, Andi M. H. Panjaitan, Elfiani Elfiani, Budiman Gunawan, Annisa Puspitasari Nachrowi, Kurniakin W. S. Girsang, Erwin A. Pangkahila, Joko Anggoro, Dayang Nurbayati, Fahmi R. Darkuthni, Petrus Irianto, Komariatun Komariatun, Annelin Kurniati, Haeril Aswar, Nelyan H. Mokoginta, Leily D. Pawa, Edwin Ambar, Riswan Riswan, Samuel Pratama, Imam Adli, Nurul Inayah Rahmani, Amalia Zahra Afifah, Muhammad Ilham Fajar, Monika Herliana, Zahra Nuril Anwar, Mariska Andrea Siswanto

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