1. Home
  2. Vol 53, No 3 (2021)
  3. Iman

Risk factor, diagnosis, and current treatment of H. pylori Infection in Indonesia: A Literature Review

Rizani Putri Iman, Tiroy Junita, Rinaldo Indra Rachman, Ari Fahrial Syam

Abstract


Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has become an emerging problem in Indonesia despite its relatively low prevalence as opposed to other Southeast Asian and Asian countries. Strains containing less virulent genotypes predominantly found in Indonesia is suggested to be the rationale for why the disease prevalence, as well as its gastric cancer complication, remain inferior in respect of neighboring counterparts. Although endoscopic evaluation is still necessary to determine the gastric mucosal status of those infected with H. pylori, the infection itself can be easily diagnosed with test-and-treat strategy especially in areas with limited resources. Several findings revealed high rates of antibiotic resistance varying among Indonesian regions and ethnicities, suggesting that triple therapy regimen may not be suitable for all population. Whereas treatment should be based on the pattern of resistance in respected region, novel regimens involving furazolidone, rifabutin, and sitafloxacin are proposed as potential drugs of choice to eradicate H. pylori infection. In order to determine the adequate approach for H. pylori infection in Indonesia, further multicenter studies involving larger sample size should be conducted.

Keywords


risk factor; diagnosis; current treatment; Helicobacter pylori; infection

References


Syam AF, Miftahussurur M, Makmun D, et al. Risk factors and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in five largest islands of Indonesia: a preliminary study. PLoS ONE;10(11):e0140186.

Hooi JKY, Lai WY, Ng WK, et al. Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2017;153:420–9.

World Gastroenterology. World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guideline: Helicobacter pylori in developing countries. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2011; 45:383–8.

Burucoa C, Axon A. Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter. 2017;22 (1).

Khoder G, Muhammad JS, Mahmoud I, Soliman SSM, Burucoa C. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and its associated factors among healthy asymptomatic residents in the United Arab Emirates. Pathogens. 2019;8(44);1-14.

Globocan Indonesia: Estimated age-standardized incidence and mortality rates: both sexes. [Internet] 2012 [cited 2016 Jan 20]. Available from: www. http://globocan.iarc.fr/ Pages/fact_sheets_population.aspx

Gheelim, Lim KG, Palayan K. A review of gastric cancer research in Malaysia. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prevent. 2019;20(1):5.

Goto Y, Syam AF, Darnindro N, Puspita Hapsari FC. Risk factors for and prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori infection among healthy inhabitants in Northern Jakarta, Indonesia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17(9):4469-75.

Darnindro N, Syam AF, Fauzi A, Rumende CM. Seroprevalence and socio-demographic factors of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with dyspepsia in Kalibaru primary health care north Jakarta. Acta Med Indones. 2015;47(4):297–303.

Miftahussurur M, Syam AF, Makmun D, et al. Helicobacter pylori virulence genes in the five largest islands of Indonesia. Gut pathogens. 2015;7(1):26.

Darwin E, Murni AW, Nurdin AE. The Eff Darwin E, Murni AW, Nurdin AE. The effect of psychological stress on mucosal IL-6 and Helicobacter pylori activity in functional dyspepsia. Acta Medica Indonesiana. 2017 Apr;49(2):99-104.

Miftahussurur M, Doohan D, Nusi IA, et al. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in an area with low Helicobacter pylori infection prevalence. PloS one. 2018;13(11):e0205644.

Koncoro H, Wibawa IDN. Peptic ulcer disease different pathogenesis of duodenal and gastric ulcer. Indones J Gastroenterol Hepatol Digest Endosc. 2015;16(3);179-82.

Siregar GA, Halim S, Sitepu RR. Serum TNF-α, Il-8, VEGF levels in Helicobacter pylori infection and their association with degree of gastritis. Acta Medica Indonesiana. 2015;47(2).

Budyono C, Widita H, Herardi R, Syam AF. Association between severity of dyspepsia and urea breath test results in patients with positive Helicobacter pylori serology. Indones J Gastroenterol Hepatol Digest Endosc. 2016;19(2);79-82.

Nurdin W, Krisnuhoni E, Kusmardi. Comparison of Helicobacter pylori detection using immunohisto-chemistry and giemsa and its association with morphological changes in active chronic gastritis. Indones J Gastroenterol Hepatol Digest Endosc. 2016;17(1);21-7.

Miftahussurur M, Nusi IA, Akil F, et al, Adi P. Gastric mucosal status in populations with a low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Indonesia. PloS one. 2017;12(5):e0176203.

Dairi L, Siregar A, Sungkar T. The comparison of serum malondialdehyde level between H. pylori positive and H. pylori negative gastritis patients. Indones J Gastroenterol Hepatol Digest Endosc. 2018;19(1);3-6.

Quach DT, Vilaichone R, Vu KV, Yamaoka Y, Sugano K, Mahachai V. Helicobacter pylori infection and related gastrointestinal diseases in Southeast Asian Countries: an expert opinion. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2018;19 (12):3565-9.

Darnindro N, Syam AF, Handjari DR, Makmun D. Gastric mucosa atrophy and metaplasia in patient with Helicobacter pylori infection. Indones J Gastroenterol Hepatol Digest Endosc. 2015;16(1);13-6.

Tenggara R, Irawan VR. The association between metaplasia and gastric malignancy with Helicobacter pylori infection. Indones J Gastroenterol Hepatol Digest Endosc. 2017;18(2);94-7.

Syam AF, Simadibrata M, Makmun D, Abdullah M, Fauzi A, Renaldi K, Maulahela H, Utari AP. National consensus on management of dyspepsia and Helicobacter pylori infection. Acta Medica Indonesiana. 2017;49(3):279.

Kuo YT, Liou JM, El-Omar EM, et al. Primary antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori in the Asia-Pacific region: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;2(10):707-15.

Vilaichone RK, Quach DT, Yamaoka Y, Sugano K, Mahachai V. Prevalence and pattern of antibiotic resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori infection in ASEAN. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prevent. 2018;19(5):1411.

Mahachai V, Vilaichone RK, Pittayanon R, et al. Helicobacter pylori management in ASEAN: the Bangkok consensus report. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;33(1):37-56.

Miftahussurur M, Syam AF, Nusi IA, et al. Surveillance of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic susceptibility in Indonesia: different resistance types among regions and with novel genetic mutations. PloS one. 2016;11(12):e0166199.

Miftahussurur M, Waskito LA, Syam AF, et al. Alternative eradication regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection in Indonesian regions with high metronidazole and levofloxacin resistance. Infection and Drug Resistance. 2019;12:345-58.


Full Text: PDF

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.